Eczema is an allergic reaction of the skin that causes an itchy rash and affects about 10-20% of the world population. Also known as dermatitis, it includes a broad range of inflamed skin conditions, the most common being atopic dermatitis. Eczema is common in developed countries and usually afflicts babies and children.

Because scratching the itchy area results in the appearance of a rash, it is also known as “the itch that rashes”. While eczema is not a dangerous condition, the redness, swelling, and itchiness it causes can be frustrating, unsightly and uncomfortable.

The cause of eczema is unknown, however it is generally perceived as the body’s immune system responding to something abnormally. The condition tends to come and go and can be aggravated by irritating substances and stress. It is not contagious. Most affected people suffer from their first episode prior to the age of five. For some people, eczema may fade with time but for others, it can become a chronic condition.

The appearance of eczema varies from person to person but it is generally characterized by patches of redness and inflammation. The rashes range from scaly and dry to bubbly and oozing, occurring on just about any part of the body but most commonly found on the face, neck, and insides of the elbows and knees.

While there is no cure, the symptoms can be alleviated with treatment and avoidance of triggers. However, it can be difficult to identify the exact triggers that cause flare ups. Common triggers include soap, heat, disinfectant, danders, animal saliva, food preservatives, and dust mites.

In order to prevent or manage eczema flare-ups you can do the following:

• Avoid eating foods that may possibly trigger an outbreak.
• Avoid exposure to sudden changes in temperature and humidity.
• Don’t wear wool or other coarse materials directly against the skin.
• Avoid harsh soap and detergent. Bathe with mild soap and apply plenty of moisturizer to prevent dryness and itchiness.
• Avoid moisturizers that contain fragrances and other artificial ingredients.
• Before going to sleep at night, wear gloves to avoid causing damage if you scratch your rash while you are asleep.
• Lead a healthy lifestyle by eating well, getting enough sleep, and exercising to reduce stress.
• To lessen the inflammation caused by eczema, apply an over-the-counter corticosteroid cream such as hydrocortisone or an anti-itching lotion such as calamine. Apply as directed.
• Cold compresses applied directly to rashes can alleviate itching however, if you do all of the above and still aren’t getting any relief, your doctor may prescribe prescription corticosteroid cream.

Oral corticosteroids are prescribed in severe cases but they are not recommended for long-term use because they can cause flare-ups after treatment is discontinued. Both prescription and nonprescription antihistamines can be used if severe itching is a problem.

Eczema can improve with time by avoiding triggers and following your physician's advice. The skin condition may not have a cure but it can be controlled with proper prevention and treatment.